Cbm Ministries in Fairmont, North Carolina (NC)

Cbm Ministries
Employer Identification Number (EIN)	562032480
Name of Organization	Cbm Ministries
Address	145 Grace Dr, Fairmont, NC 28340-9033
Activities	Described in section 170(b)1)(a)(vi) of the Code, Missionary activities, Mission
Subsection	Religious Organization
Ruling Date	02/1998
Deductibility	Contributions are deductible
Foundation	Organization which receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or the general public
Organization	Corporation
Exempt Organization Status	Unconditional Exemption
Tax Period	12/2013
Assets	$500,000 to $999,999
Income	$100,000 to $499,999
Filing Requirement	990 (all other) or 990EZ return
Asset Amount	$751,274
Amount of Income	$467,621
Form 990 Revenue Amount	$457,008
National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE)	Religion-Related, Spiritual Development: Christian

Non-representatives - add comments:

Amount of income in 2013: $467,621 (it was $456,301 in 2012)

Cbm Ministries:	$467,621
Other organizations performing similar types of work:	$113,358

Assets in 2013: $751,274 (it was $790,949 in 2012)

This organization:	$751,274
Other organizations performing similar types of work:	$99,177

Expenses in 2013: $496,683

Cbm Ministries:	$496,683
Other organizations performing similar types of work:	$116,182

Income to expenses ratio in 2013: 0.9

This organization:	0.9
Other organizations performing similar types of work:	1.2

Number of employees in 2013: 37

Cbm Ministries:	37
Other organizations performing similar types of work:	3

Grants share in income in 2013: 26.6%

Cbm Ministries:	26.6%
Other organizations performing similar types of work:	99.7%

Financial snapshot ($)

Revenue for 2013

Assets at the end of 2013

Functional expenses for 2013

Support schedule

	2012	2013
Checklist
Is the organization described in section 501(c)(3) or 4947(a)(1) (other than a private foundation)?	Yes	Yes
Is the organization required to complete Schedule B, Schedule of Contributors?	Yes	Yes
Did the organization engage in direct or indirect political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition to candidates for public office?	No	No
Did the organization engage in lobbying activities, or have a section 501(h) election in effect during the tax year?	No	No
Is the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization that receives membership dues, assessments, or similar amounts as defined in Revenue Procedure 98-19?	No	No
Did the organization maintain any donor advised funds or any similar funds or accounts for which donors have the right to provide advice on the distribution or investment of amounts in such funds or accounts?	No	No
Did the organization receive or hold a conservation easement, including easements to preserve open space, the environment, historic land areas, or historic structures?	No	No
Did the organization maintain collections of works of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets?	No	No
Did the organization report an amount for escrow or custodial account liability; serve as a custodian or provide credit counseling, debt management, credit repair, or debt negotiation services?	No	No
Did the organization, directly or through a related organization, hold assets in temporarily restricted endowments, permanent endowments, or quasi-endowments?	No	No
Did the organization report an amount for land, buildings, and equipment?	Yes	Yes
Did the organization report an amount for investments-other securities that is 5% or more of its total assets?	No	No
Did the organization report an amount for investments-program related that is 5% or more of its total assets?	No	No
Did the organization report an amount for other assets that is 5% or more of its total assets?	No	No
Did the organization report an amount for other liabilities?	No	No
Did the organization's separate or consolidated financial statements for the tax year include a footnote that addresses the organization's liability for uncertain tax positions under FIN 48 (ASC 740)?	No	No
Did the organization obtain separate, independent audited financial statements for the tax year?	No	No
Was the organization included in consolidated, independent audited financial statements for the tax year?	No	No
Is the organization a school described in section 170(b)(1)(A)(ii)?	No	No
Did the organization maintain an office, employees, or agents outside of the United States?	No	No
Did the organization have aggregate revenues or expenses of more than $10,000 from grantmaking, fundraising, business, investment, and program service activities outside the United States, or aggregate foreign investments valued at $100,000 or more?	No	No
Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to or for any foreign organization?	No	No
Did the organization report more than $5,000 of aggregate grants or other assistance to or for foreign individuals?	No	No
Did the organization report a total of more than $15,000 of expenses for professional fundraising services?	No	No
Did the organization report more than $15,000 total of fundraising event gross income and contributions?	No	No
Did the organization report more than $15,000 of gross income from gaming activities?	No	No
Did the organization operate one or more hospital facilities?	No	No
Did the organization attach a copy of its audited financial statements?	No	No
Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to any domestic organization or domestic government?	No	No
Did the organization report more than $5,000 of grants or other assistance to or for domestic individuals?	No	No
Did the organization answer 'Yes' about compensation of the organization's current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees?	No	No
Did the organization have a tax-exempt bond issue with an outstanding principal amount of more than $100,000 as of the last day of the year, that was issued after December 31, 2002?	No	No
Did the organization invest any proceeds of tax-exempt bonds beyond a temporary period exception?	No	No
Did the organization maintain an escrow account other than a refunding escrow at any time during the year to defease any tax-exempt bonds?	No	No
Did the organization act as an 'on behalf of' issuer for bonds outstanding at any time during the year?	No	No
Did the organization engage in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person during the year?	No	No
Is the organization aware that it engaged in an excess benefit transaction with a disqualified person in a prior year, and that the transaction has not been reported on any of the organization's prior Forms 990 or 990-EZ?	No	No
Did the organization report any amount for receivables from or payables to any current or former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, highest compensated employees, or disqualified persons?	No	No
Did the organization provide a grant or other assistance to an officer, director, trustee, key employee, substantial contributor or employee thereof, a grant selection committee member, or to a 35% controlled entity or family member of any of these persons?	No	No
Was the organization a party to a business transaction with one of the following parties
A current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee?	No	No
A family member of a current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee?	No	No
An entity of which a current or former officer, director, trustee, or key employee (or a family member thereof) was an officer, director, trustee, or direct or indirect owner?	No	No
Did the organization receive more than $25,000 in non-cash contributions?	No	No
Did the organization receive contributions of art, historical treasures, or other similar assets, or qualified conservation contributions?	No	No
Did the organization liquidate, terminate, or dissolve and cease operations?	No	No
Did the organization sell, exchange, dispose of, or transfer more than 25% of its net assets?	No	No
Did the organization own 100% of an entity disregarded as separate from the organization under Regulations sections 301.7701-2 and 301.7701-3?	No	No
Was the organization related to any tax-exempt or taxable entity?	No	No
Did the organization have a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(13)?	No	No
Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organization?	No	No
Did the organization conduct more than 5% of its activities through an entity that is not a related organization and that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes?	No	No

	2011	2012	2013
Statements Regarding Other IRS Filings and Tax Compliance
The number reported in Box 3 of Form 1096	3	2	2
The number of Forms W-2G	0	0	0
Did the organization comply with backup withholding rules for reportable payments to vendors and reportable gaming (gambling) winnings to prize winners?	No	Yes	No
The number of employees reported on Form W-3, Transmittal of Wage and Tax Statements, filed for the calendar year ending with or within the year covered by this return	34	34	37
Did the organization file all required federal employment tax returns?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Did the organization have unrelated business gross income of $1,000 or more during the year?	No	No	No
Has it filed a Form 990-T for this year?	No	No	No
At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest in, or a signature or other authority over, a financial account in a foreign country (such as a bank account, securities account, or other financial account)?	No	No	No
Was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction at any time during the tax year?	No	No	No
Did any taxable party notify the organization that it was or is a party to a prohibited tax shelter transaction?	No	No	No
Did the organization file Form 8886-T?	No	No	No
Does the organization have annual gross receipts that are normally greater than $100,000, and did the organization solicit any contributions that were not tax deductible as charitable contributions?	No	No	No
Did the organization include with every solicitation an express statement that such contributions or gifts were not tax deductible?	No	No	No
Did the organization receive a payment in excess of $75 made partly as a contribution and partly for goods and services provided to the payor?	No	No	No
Did the organization notify the donor of the value of the goods or services provided?	No	No	No
Did the organization sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of tangible personal property for which it was required to file Form 8282?	No	No	No
Did the organization receive any funds, directly or indirectly, to pay premiums on a personal benefit contract?	No	No	No
Did the organization, during the year, pay premiums, directly or indirectly, on a personal benefit contract?	No	No	No
If the organization received a contribution of qualified intellectual property, did the organization file Form 8899 as required?	No	No	No
If the organization received a contribution of cars, boats, airplanes, or other vehicles, did the organization file a Form 1098-C?	No	No	No
Did a donor advised fund maintained by the sponsoring organization have excess business holdings at any time during the year?	No	No	No
Did the sponsoring organization make any taxable distributions under section 4966?	No	No	No
Did the sponsoring organization make a distribution to a donor, donor advisor, or related person?	No	No	No
Initiation fees and capital contributions	$0	$0	$0
Gross receipts for public use of club facilities	$0	$0	$0
Gross income from members or shareholders	$0	$0	$0
Gross income from other sources	$0	$0	$0
Is the organization filing Form 990 in lieu of Form 1041?	No	No	No
The amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the year	$0	$0	$0
Is the organization licensed to issue qualified health plans in more than one state?	No	No	No
The amount of reserves the organization is required to maintain by the states in which the organization is licensed to issue qualified health plans	$0	$0	$0
The amount of reserves on hand	$0	$0	$0
Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning services during the tax year?	No	No	No
Has it filed a Form 720 to report these payments?	No	No	No

	2012	2013
Compensation of Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, Highest Compensated Employees, and Independent Contractors
Officers, Directors, Trustees, Key Employees, and Highest Compensated Employees
Total reportable compensation from the organization	$44,099	$60,473
Total reportable compensation from related organizations	$0	$0
Total estimated amount of other compensation from the organization and related organizations	$6,000	$6,000
Total number of individuals who received more than $100,000 of reportable compensation from the organization	0	0
Total number of independent contractors who received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization	0	0

	2011	2012	2013
Statement of Revenue
Total revenue	$380,568	$445,661	$457,008
Contributions, Gifts, Grants and Other Similar Amounts	$82,147	$105,572	$121,366
Program Service Revenue	$261,884	$269,292	$298,226
900099	$194,244	$201,843	$204,905
611600	$60,785	$49,718	$75,418
900099	$6,855	$17,731	$17,903
All other program service revenue	$0	$0	$0
Other Revenue
Investment income (including dividends, interest, and other similar amounts)	$68	$49	$51
Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds	$0	$0	$0
Royalties	$0	$0	$0
Net rental income	$25,053	$24,056	$23,085
Gross rents (Real / Personal)	$26,430 / $0	$25,670 / $0	$24,358 / $0
Less: rental expenses (Real / Personal)	$1,377 / $0	$1,614 / $0	$1,273 / $0
Rental income or (loss) (Real / Personal)	$25,053 / $0	$24,056 / $0	$23,085 / $0
Net gain/loss from sales of assets other than inventory	$0	$0	$0
Net income/loss from fundraising events	$0	$0	$0
Net income/loss from gaming activities	$0	$0	$0
Net income/loss from sales of inventory	$1,730	$2,320	$1,801
Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances	$9,136	$11,346	$11,141
Less: cost of goods sold	$7,406	$9,026	$9,340
Miscellaneous Revenue	$9,686	$44,372	$12,479
900099	$9,686	$44,372	$12,479
All other revenue	$0	$0	$0

	2011	2012	2013
Statement of Functional Expenses
Total functional expenses	$541,962	$443,507	$496,683
Grants and other assistance to domestic organizations and domestic governments	$0	$0	$0
Grants and other assistance to domestic individuals	$0	$0	$0
Grants and other assistance to foreign organizations, foreign governments, and foreign individuals	$0	$0	$0
Benefits paid to or for members	$0	$0	$0
Compensation of current officers, directors, trustees, and key employees	$56,450	$44,099	$66,473
Compensation not included above, to disqualified persons	$0	$0	$0
Other salaries and wages	$64,516	$101,220	$122,284
Pension plan accruals and contributions	$1,983	$1,378	$2,233
Other employee benefits	$44,600	$39,600	$27,600
Payroll taxes	$0	$151	$7,795
Fees for services (non-employees)
Management	$0	$0	$0
Legal	$1,363	$7,094	$1,293
Accounting	$0	$0	$0
Lobbying	$0	$0	$0
Professional fundraising services	$0	$0	$0
Investment management fees	$0	$0	$0
Other	$3,158	$5,298	$301
Advertising and promotion	$3,030	$901	$216
Office expenses	$20,456	$19,149	$21,568
Information technology	$0	$0	$0
Royalties	$0	$0	$0
Occupancy	$28,382	$26,015	$28,971
Travel	$26,321	$30,683	$28,462
Payments of travel or entertainment expenses for any federal, state, or local public officials	$0	$0	$0
Conferences, conventions, and meetings	$2,185	$2,193	$1,917
Interest	$0	$0	$0
Payments to affiliates	$0	$0	$0
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization	$211,908	$29,895	$29,682
Insurance	$19,054	$21,515	$21,465
Other expenses	$34,976	$46,372	$57,204
Other expenses	$29,660	$30,646	$30,313
Other expenses	$15,473	$18,269	$23,098
Other expenses	$5,294	$14,228	$16,427
Other expenses	$0	$4,801	$9,381

	2011	2012	2013
Balance Sheet
Total assets	$788,795	$790,949	$751,274
Cash - non-interest-bearing	$115,141	$107,501	$91,639
Savings and temporary cash investments	$2,548	$7,007	$8,861
Pledges and grants receivable, net	$0	$0	$0
Accounts receivable, net	$0	$0	$0
Loans and other receivables from current and former officers, directors, trustees, key employees, and highest compensated employees	$0	$0	$0
Loans and other receivables from other disqualified persons, persons described in section 4958(c)(3)(B), and contributing employers and sponsoring organizations of section 501(c)(9) voluntary employees' beneficiary organizations	$0	$0	$0
Notes and loans receivable, net	$0	$0	$0
Inventories for sale or use	$3,000	$3,000	$3,000
Prepaid expenses and deferred charges	$0	$149	$1,465
Land, buildings, and equipment: cost or other basis	$668,106	$673,292	$646,124
Investments - publicly traded securities	$0	$0	$0
Investments - other securities	$0	$0	$0
Investments - program-related	$0	$0	$0
Intangible assets	$0	$0	$0
Other assets	$0	$0	$185
Total liabilities	$0	$0	$0
Total net assets or fund balances	$788,795	$790,949	$751,274
Unrestricted net assets	$0	$0	$0
Temporarily restricted net assets	$0	$0	$0
Permanently restricted net assets	$0	$0	$0
Capital stock or trust principal, or current funds	$0	$0	$0
Paid-in or capital surplus, or land, building, or equipment fund	$0	$0	$0
Retained earnings, endowment, accumulated income, or other funds	$788,795	$790,949	$751,274

Reason for Public Charity Status (for 2013)
The organization is not a private foundation because it is:	An organization that normally receives: (1) more than 33 1/3 % of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross receipts from activities related to its exempt functions - subject to certain exceptions, and (2) no more than 33 1/3 % of its support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975
Number of organizations supported	0
Sum of amounts of support	$0

	2009 - 2013 Total
Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2) (for 2009 - 2013)
Public support	$1,932,004
Subtotal	$1,932,004
Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees received	$593,196
Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise sold or services performed, or facilities furnished in any activity that is related to the organization's tax-exempt purpose	$1,338,808
Gross receipts from activities that are not an unrelated trade or business under section 513	$0
Tax revenues levied for the organization's benefit and either paid to or expended on its behalf	$0
The value of services or facilities furnished by a governmental unit to the organization without charge	$0
Less	$0
Amounts received from disqualified persons	$0
Amounts received from other than disqualified persons that exceed the greater of $5,000 or 1% of the total support	$0
Total support	$2,109,639
Public support	$1,932,004
Subtotal	$106,112
Gross income from interest, dividends, payments received on securities loans, rents, royalties and income from similar sources	$106,112
Unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 taxes) from businesses acquired after June 30, 1975	$0
Net income from unrelated business activities, whether or not the business is regularly carried on	$0
Other income	$71,523

Write your review!

Your Ratings

You can rate this nonprofit in different categories from 1 star (worst) to 5 stars (best) or leave category unrated

Program:
Fundraising:
Expenses:
Transparency:

Your Review

Would you recommend Cbm Ministries to others? (optional)

Yes

Add photo of Cbm Ministries (optional)

About You

Your nickname:
I have read, and agree to the Terms of Service

Optional Verification

(additional info to increase the weight and the placement of your review and ratings)

	Log in» \| Register - it's free and very quick!
Real Name:
Email (won't be published):
Date and time of your visit to this nonprofit:
Phone number (won't be published):
	Show my IP address (3.135.208.xxx) to everybody
	Leave your signature» Clear Make my signature public

Recently Added Reviews
Centers For Spiritual Living, Csl Asheville in Asheville, NC
Kyle Busch Foundation in Mooresville, NC
Marine Corps League, Marine Corps League Cherokee Detachment 1011 in Murphy, NC
Colonial Capital Humane Society in New Bern, NC
Living Church Of God International Inc in Charlotte, NC
Greensboro Cheetahs in Greensboro, NC
Life Changing International Church Inc in High Point, NC
Mission Servants Ministries in Charlotte, NC
Bikers For Christ Sandhills Chapter in Dunn, NC
Harrisburg Cruisers in Harrisburg, NC

Recently Added Reviews

Centers For Spiritual Living, Csl Asheville in Asheville, NC

Kyle Busch Foundation in Mooresville, NC

Marine Corps League, Marine Corps League Cherokee Detachment 1011 in Murphy, NC

Colonial Capital Humane Society in New Bern, NC

Living Church Of God International Inc in Charlotte, NC

Greensboro Cheetahs in Greensboro, NC

Life Changing International Church Inc in High Point, NC

Mission Servants Ministries in Charlotte, NC

Bikers For Christ Sandhills Chapter in Dunn, NC

Harrisburg Cruisers in Harrisburg, NC

Id	Name	Address	State	Established	Total Income
Organizations performing similar types of work
1	Uplands Reach Conference Center Inc	PO BOX 830, Millers Creek, NC 28651-0830	NC	1992-07	$480,427
2	Time Out Youth	2320-A North Davidson Street, Charlotte, NC 28205	NC	1993-08	$331,138
3	Russian Bible Society Inc	PO BOX 6068, Asheville, NC 28816-6068	NC	1946-08	$328,081
4	Victory Rivival Crusades Inc	PO BOX 797, Concord, NC 28026-0797	NC	1973-06	$209,668
5	Stuart And Margaret L Forbes Foundation Inc	PO BOX 1146, Columbus, NC 28722-1146	NC	1998-10	$180,906
6	Wordpsalm Ministries Incorporated	8009 Hunley Ridge Rd, Matthews, NC 28104-4318	NC	1992-03	$461
7	Shofar Letters Ministries	PO BOX 43, Kings Mtn, NC 28086-0043	NC	1998-02	$1
8	A Friends House Ministries	Po Box 4324, Greensboro, NC 27404	NC	1992-06	$0
9	All Nations Evangelical Church	2312 Bonaire Ln, Greensboro, NC 27405-5328	NC	1996-10	$0
10	Anne Basden Ministries Inc	PO BOX 1010, Durham, NC 27702-1010	NC	1997-03	$0
11	Asheville Gospel Chapel Assn Inc	350 Old Haw Creek Rd, Asheville, NC 28805-1422	NC	1958-06	$0
12	Bethany House Ministries Inc	6009 Muirfield Dr, Greensboro, NC 27410	NC	1994-06	$0
13	Bethany Worship Center	9878 Us Highway 311 Ste 7, Archdale, NC 27263-8839	NC	1995-09	$0
14	Body Of Christ Cathedral Inc	PO BOX 2176, Matthews, NC 28106-2176	NC	1995-01	$0
15	Bridgework Ministries Inc	Rr 1 Box 15, Penrose, NC 28766-9702	NC	1989-05	$0
16	Brunswick Church Of Christ	240 Mill Creek Rd Se, Bolivia, NC 28422-8614	NC	1997-09	$0
17	Business Mens Fellowship Usa	109 Larkspur Circle, Durham, NC 27713	NC	1996-07	$0
18	Business Mens Fellowship Usa, 52 Pearson County Roxboro Nc Chapte	980 Thaxton Rd, Roxboro, NC 27573-4477	NC	1996-07	$0
19	Business Mens Fellowship Usa, 63 Wilson Nc Chapter	401 Crescent Dr W, Wilson, NC 27893-3401	NC	1996-07	$0
20	C M Hunt Ministries Inc	Po Box 443, Chadbourn, NC 28431	NC	1993-12	$0

Number of organizations performing similar types of work

Alaska	20
Alabama	90
Arkansas	55
Arizona	138
California	1,192
Colorado	180
Connecticut	73
District of Columbia	35
Delaware	26
Florida	491
Georgia	242
Hawaii	55
Iowa	42
Idaho	30
Illinois	297
Indiana	297
Kansas	70
Kentucky	139
Louisiana	89
Massachusetts	103
Maryland	183
Maine	19
Michigan	355
Minnesota	95
Missouri	164
Mississippi	51

Montana	23
North Carolina	230
North Dakota	12
Nebraska	31
New Hampshire	21
New Jersey	262
New Mexico	49
Nevada	51
New York	579
Ohio	407
Oklahoma	153
Oregon	93
Pennsylvania	268
Rhode Island	9
South Carolina	72
South Dakota	10
Tennessee	148
Texas	742
Utah	14
Virginia	162
Vermont	3
Washington	155
Wisconsin	95
West Virginia	40
Wyoming	10
International	12

Total

8,182

Affiliation	Name	Address	State	Established	Total Income
All affiliated organizations
Central	Cbm Ministries, National Office	PO BOX 278, Townsend, TN 37882-0278	TN	1982-05	$329,098
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries, North Carolina Division	9927 Falls Of Neuse Rd, Raleigh, NC 27614-9770	NC	1982-05	$1,473,096
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries, Florida Division	PO BOX 98, Polk City, FL 33868-0098	FL	1982-05	$801,705
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries, South Alabama Division	363 Victory Cir, Samson, AL 36477-8061	AL	1982-05	$748,012
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries, North Alabama Division	North Alabama Division 1018 County, Mentone, AL 35984	AL	1982-05	$590,340
Subordinate	Childrens Bible Ministries Of Virginia Inc, Virginia Division	18301 Sandy Spgs, Stevensburg, VA 22741-1731	VA	1982-05	$574,906
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries, East Tennessee Division	PO BOX 188, Watauga, TN 37694-0188	TN	1982-05	$482,460
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries	145 Grace Dr, Fairmont, NC 28340-9033	NC	1998-02	$467,621
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries, Sw Pennsylvania Division	PO BOX 378, Carmichaels, PA 15320-0378	PA	1982-05	$233,469
Subordinate	Cbm Ministries Of Md, Maryland Division	1600b Emory Rd, Upperco, MD 21155-9774	MD	1982-05	$178,809
Subordinate	Childrens Bible Ministries Of Central Alabama	7834 Deer Creek Rd, Randolph, AL 36792-5147	AL	1982-05	$0
Subordinate	Childrens Bible Ministries Of Southern Virginia Inc, Grace Bible Camp	144 Pine St, Jefferson, PA 15344-4000	PA	1982-05	$0
Subordinate	Childrens Bible Ministries Inc	8585 Brasher Rd, Pinson, AL 35126	AL	1982-05	$0

Number of affiliated organizations

Alabama	4
Florida	1
Maryland	1
North Carolina	2

Pennsylvania	2
Tennessee	2
Virginia	1